United States v. Ruiz’s Empirical Analysis
47 F.3d 452 · 1995
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions — most recently November 2022 · most notably United States v. Baltas (2001), United States v. Guerrero (1997)
26 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Puerto Rico District Court)
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 843 (§ 403 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Lee v. Brown · Luster v. Cushman · United States v. Mezzanatto · United States v. McKinney · United States v. Williams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A]bsent unusual facts, we will . . . generally sustain a district court that denies acceptance of responsibility to a defendant who declined to plead guilty on the count or counts of which he was convicted.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he guideline admittedly imposes a tough choice on a defendant . . ., it is not unconstitutional . . . .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.