United States v. Riggs’s Empirical Analysis
474 F.2d 699 · 1973
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 2 district · 23 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 82 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2015 · most notably United States v. Watson (1975), United States v. Oates (1977)
36 federal appellate · 2 district · 23 state decisions — followed in 16 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3053 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 570
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Chimel v. California · Adams v. Williams · Corallo v. United States · General Electric Co. v. International Union of Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 82 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“courts should not set the test of sufficient suspicion that the individual is `armed and presently dangerous' too high when protection of the investigating officer is at stake.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[w]hen an officer is justified in believing that the individual whose suspicious behavior he is investigating at close range is armed and presently dangerous to the officer or to others.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. State v. McGill“postponement of the further intrusion of arrest”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Dixon v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.