Clark v. Holmes’s Empirical Analysis
474 F.2d 928 · 1972
Citation profile
70 federal appellate · 5 district · 16 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 136 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently October 2017 · most notably Connick v. Myers (1983), Egger v. Phillips (1983)
70 federal appellate · 5 district · 16 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Perry v. Sindermann · Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · Eisenstadt v. Baker
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 136 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“First Amendment rights must be applied in light of the special characteristics of the environment in a particular case.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the need to maintain discipline or harmony among co-workers; (2) the need for confidentiality; (3) the need to curtail conduct which impedes the [employee’s] proper and competent performance of his daily duties; and (4) the need to encourage a close and personal relationship between the employee and his superiors, where that relationship calls for loyalty and confidence.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he problem in any case is to arrive at a balance between the interests of the teacher, as a citizen, in commenting upon matters of public concern and the interest of the state, as an employer, in promoting the efficiency of the public services it performs through its employees.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.