Betsy A. Jennings v. Ilus W. Davis’s Empirical Analysis
476 F.2d 1271 · 1973
Citation profile
42 federal appellate · 13 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 110 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2015 · most notably Rizzo v. Goode (1976), Vinnedge v. Gibbs (1977)
42 federal appellate · 13 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988
Relies on United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · Monroe v. Pape · District of Columbia v. Carter · Carter v. Stanton · Basista v. Weir
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 110 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(T)o extend the general duty of these appellees to prudently select, educate and supervise police department employees to an isolated, spontaneous incident . . . would be beyond reason.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Where the relief sought under the Civil Rights Act is monetary damages, rather than equitable relief, the doctrine of respondeat superior is not available to impose vicarious liability upon a defendant who has no personal involvement in the alleged deprivation of plaintiff’s federally-protected rights. “Rather, in order for there to exist liability for monetary damages under the Civil Rights Act, there must be a showing that the defendant personally and directly participated in the acts which were allegedly violative of plaintiff’s rights under federal law.” 4”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Any person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress” [emphasis added].”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.