United States v. Stembridge’s Empirical Analysis
477 F.2d 874 · 1973
Citation profile
7 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 12 later decisions — most recently September 2019
7 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on Schmerber v. State of California · Gilbert v. California · Higgins v. Wainwright · United States v. Nix · United States v. Doe
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““[I]t is not improper for the prosecution to show that the defendant attempted to avoid providing a valid handwriting sample by intentionally distorting his handwriting.” [[Image here]] Just as a defendant’s refusal to provide a handwriting exemplar is admissible evidence of consciousness of guilt, so too is opinion evidence of a defendant’s efforts to disguise his handwriting on an exemplar.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Haze · State v. Crawley““. . . [I]t was not improper for the prosecutor in his closing arguments to the jury to comment upon the accused’s refusal to provide a handwriting exemplar as directed by the court and, further, that it was not improper for the court to charge the jury that if it found beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused had failed to provide an exemplar as ordered by the court, it might infer that a comparison of such samples with a questioned signature would have been unfavorable to the defendant and favorable to the prosecution. . . (p. 876.)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Haze
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.