Watson’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
99
cited by 99 later decisions
May 2019
most recently cited
13 district ·
Relationships
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati · Brower v. County of Inyo · New York v. Burger
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 99 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A plaintiff bears the additional burden of proving that the municipal practice was the proximate cause of the injuries suffered.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Here ... the only evidence advanced by the Plaintiffs is evidence that officers at one point may have used racial profiling as a way to increase the number of traffic tickets they were writing and may have used racial slurs. This evidence is simply too general to sustain their claims. Our cases under Monell have typically involved an alleged constitutional violation that was an actual occurrence of the specific alleged custom . In Bielevicz [v. Dubinon, 915 F.2d 845 (3d Cir. 19900) ], for example, we found that there was sufficient evidence of a custom of arresting people for public intoxication without probable cause to support a § 1983 claim that the plaintiff had been arrested for public intoxication without probable cause. 915 F.2d at 851 -52 . Similarly, in Beck v. Pittsburgh, 89 F.3d 966 (3d Cir. 1996), we found that the plaintiff's § 1983 claim for police brutality could survive a motion for judgment as a matter of law based on evidence of the department's alleged custom of ignoring police brutality. Id. at 976 . Here, the Plaintiffs do not have evidence that the Abington Township Police Department had a custom of raiding establishments associated with African-Americans.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.