Howard v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
2
cited by 2 later decisions
1
states following
September 1986
most recently cited
2 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Aguilar v. Texas · Spinelli v. United States · Massachusetts v. Upton · 366 So. 2d 740 - Temple v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Where, as in this case, actual possession of the contraband is not shown, and constructive possession is relied upon, the State must show beyond a reasonable doubt, in addition to constructive possession, that the accused knew of the presence of the contraband. [Citations omitted.] Where the accused is not in exclusive possession, this knowledge may not be inferred without other evidence that connects defendant to the contraband. “‘Where physical proximity to the contraband is relevant, this evidence alone does not “add the necessary connection”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Wooldridge v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.