Colorado v. Connelly’s Empirical Analysis
1986
Citation profile
1,340 federal appellate · 642 district · 3,093 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 6,663 later decisions (25 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2026 · most notably Bourjaily v. United States (1987), Dickerson v. United States (2000)
1,340 federal appellate · 642 district · 3,093 state decisions — followed in 48 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · United States v. Leon · United States v. Wade
Cited together with Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Miller v. Fenton · Moran v. Burbine · Strickland v. Washington
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 6,663 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“coercive police activity is a necessary predicate to the finding that a confession is not 'voluntary' within the meaning of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.”
288 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Absent police conduct causally related to the confession, there is simply no basis for concluding that any state actor has deprived a criminal defendant of due process of law.”
82 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“coercive police activity is a necessary predicate”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.