Colorado v. Spring’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
355 federal appellate · 116 district · 804 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,686 later decisions (18 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2026 · most notably Illinois v. Rodriguez (1990), Arizona v. Roberson (1988)
355 federal appellate · 116 district · 804 state decisions — followed in 48 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Wong Sun v. United States · Johnson v. Zerbst · Brown v. Illinois · Colorado v. Connelly
Cited together with Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Moran v. Burbine · Colorado v. Connelly · Edwards v. Arizona · Oregon v. Elstad
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,686 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“totality of the circumstances surrounding the interrogation”
120 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a suspect's awareness of all the possible subjects of questioning in advance of interrogation is not relevant to determining whether the suspect voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently waived his Fifth Amendment privilege.”
29 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]n certain circumstances, the Court has found affirmative misrepresentations by the police sufficient to invalidate a suspect's waiver of the Fifth Amendment privilege,”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.