United States v. Jackman’s Empirical Analysis
48 F.3d 1 · 1995
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 15 district · 34 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 80 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably Alexis v. McDonald's Restaurants of Massachusetts, Inc. (1995), United States v. Shay (1995)
24 federal appellate · 15 district · 34 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on ITT Gilfillan v. Clayton · Yamamoto v. United States · Calder v. Job · Nebraska v. Wyoming · Nagac v. Derwinski
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 80 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[the images] are neither 'so unmistakably clear or so hopelessly obscure that the witness is no better-suited than the jury to make the identification'”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(a) [the opinion is] rationally based on the perception of the witness and (b) [is] helpful to the clear understanding of ... the determination of a fact in issue.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“distill to the following: 'A witness's opinion concerning the identity of a person depicted in a surveillance photograph is admissible if there is some basis for concluding that the witness is more likely to correctly identify the defendant from the photograph than is the jury.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.