United States v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
48 F.3d 806 · 1995
Citation profile
68 federal appellate · 4 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 114 later decisions — most recently April 2023 · most notably United States v. Andis (2003), United States v. Blake (1996)
68 federal appellate · 4 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1344 · 18 U.S.C. § 3556 · 18 U.S.C. § 3601 · 18 U.S.C. § 3602 · 18 U.S.C. § 3603 · 18 U.S.C. § 3663 · 18 U.S.C. § 3664
Relies on Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. · United States v. Raddatz · Crowell v. Benson · Hughey v. United States · Ex parte United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 114 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“making decisions about the amount of restitution, the amount of installments, and their timing is a judicial function and therefore is non-delegable”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[c]ases or controversies committed to Art. III courts cannot be delegated to nonjudicial officers for resolution[,][t]hat general principle does not ... prohibit courts from using nonjudicial officers to support judicial functions, as long as that judicial officer retains and exercises ultimate responsibility.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]n every delegation, the court must retain the right to review findings and to exercise ultimate authority.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.