¶1This suit is upon a note given by defendant Smith to Fletcher Benedict and by him endorsed to the plaintiff. The plea of Smith is the general issue, with special plea of discharge in bankruptcy. Special pleas are not allowed in this State: Comp. L. § 5794; but where one ■is put in it is customary to allow it to stand as a notice of ■defence ; and there can be no valid objection to that course. ■Special pleas were abolished to avoid technicality and prolixity, but notices containing the substance of special pleas are required where such pleas were formerly essential, and if the one is put in where the other should have been, the difference, being in matter of form only, may be disregarded, and the general purpose the statute had in view will be advanced by that course.
¶2In support of the special plea or notice Smith introduced the records of the bankruptcy court, and they showed a full discharge granted October 22,1879. But it appeared from the files that the name of Fletcher Benedict did not appear *595as a creditor anywhere in the proceedings, although he then held this note; and he was not shown to have been served with any notice as was required by the bankrupt law. On this showing the plaintiff claimed that the discharge in bankruptcy was void as to Fletcher Benedict for the reason that the bankruptcy court never'obtained jurisdiction of his person.
¶3If bankruptcy proceedings were strictly proceedings in personam this view would be unanswerable; but this is not the case. Jurisdiction over the estate empowers the court .to make decree, and the decree is conclusive upon claims unless attacked for fraud in the bankrupt court itself. R. S. of U. S. (1878), § 5120. It cannot be attacked collaterally in other courts.
¶4The judgment must be affirmed with costs.