Higgins v. Gonzales’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

20 federal appellate · 12 district ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 51 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Minor changes in duties or working conditions, even unpalatable or unwelcome ones, which cause no materially significant disadvantage do not satisfy the prong.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. McKinnon v. Gonzales · 753 F. Supp. 2d 954 - Mutua v. TEXAS ROADHOUSE MANAGEMENT CORP.

2. “a reasonable employee would have found the challenged conduct materially adverse, which in this context means it well might have dissuaded a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 635 F. Supp. 2d 970 - Donnelly v. St. John's Mercy Medical Center · 479 F. Supp. 2d 1045 - Brasch v. Peters

3. “Title VII ... does not set forth 'a general civility code for the American workplace.'”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Carpenter v. Con-Way Central Express, Inc. · 985 F. Supp. 2d 1009 - Clay v. Lafarge North America