Tull v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
529 federal appellate · 250 district · 195 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,940 later decisions (43 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably Friends of the Earth Incorporateds v. Laidlaw Environmental Services Inc (2000), MARKMAN Et Al. v. WESTVIEW INSTRUMENTS, INC., Et Al. (1996)
529 federal appellate · 250 district · 195 state decisions — followed in 29 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Tull (from Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Dairy Queen, Inc. v. Wood · Curtis v. Loether · Ross v. Bernhard · Porter v. Warner Holding Co.
Cited together with Granfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg · Curtis v. Loether · Chauffeurs, Teamsters & Helpers Local No. 391 v. Terry · Dairy Queen, Inc. v. Wood · Beacon Theaters Inc v. C Westover
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,940 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“An action for disgorgement of improper profits ... is a remedy only for restitution.”
71 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“First, we compare the statutory action to 18th-century actions brought in the courts of England prior to the merger of the courts of law and equity. Second, we examine the remedy sought and determine whether it is legal or equitable in nature.”
64 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“calculations traditionally performed by judges”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.