Saint Francis College v. Al-Khazraji’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
557 federal appellate · 315 district · 56 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,743 later decisions (43 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2024 · most notably Landgraf v. USI Film Products (1994), Patterson v. McLean Credit Union (1989)
557 federal appellate · 315 district · 56 state decisions — followed in 18 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedAl-Khazraji v. Saint Francis College (from Third Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Wilson v. Garcia · Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson · McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transportation Co. · Runyon v. McCrary · Thorpe v. Housing Authority of Durham
Cited together with McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,743 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other.”
28 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Based on the history of § 1981, we have little trouble in concluding that Congress intended to protect from discrimination identifiable classes of persons who are subjected to intentional discrimination solely because of their ancestry or ethnic characteristics. Such discrimination is racial discrimination that Congress intended § 1981 to forbid, whether or not it would be classified as racial in terms of modern scientific theory.”
28 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“identifiable classes of persons who are subjected to intentional discrimination solely because of their ancestry or ethnic characteristics.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.