Gray v. Mississippi’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
213 federal appellate · 12 district · 610 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,010 later decisions (18 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2025 · most notably United States v. Olano (1993), Ross v. Oklahoma (1988)
213 federal appellate · 12 district · 610 state decisions — followed in 37 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Batson v. Kentucky · Edelman v. Jordan · Gregg v. Georgia · Witherspoon v. Illinois
Cited together with Wainwright v. Witt · Witherspoon v. Illinois · Strickland v. Washington · Adams v. Texas · Batson v. Kentucky
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,010 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a juror in accordance with his instructions and his oath.”
35 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Story v. Kindt · Taylor v. State“some constitutional rights [are] so basic to a fair trial that their infraction can never be treated as harmless error. The right to an impartial adjudicator, be it judge or jury, is such a right.”
27 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'so basic to a fair trial that [its] infraction can never be treated as harmless error.'”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.