United States v. Freeman’s Empirical Analysis
482 F.3d 829 · 2007
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 14 later decisions — most recently September 2022
2 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Matlock · Illinois v. Rodriguez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 14 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the voluntariness of the defendant’s custodial status; (2) the presence of coercive police procedures; (3) the extent and level of the defendant’s cooperation with the police; (4) the defendant’s awareness of his right to refuse consent; (5) the defendant’s education and intelligence; and (6) the defendant’s belief that no incriminating evidence will be found. All six factors are relevant, but no single one is dispositive or controlling.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Unlike the first two issues, scope and authority are not determined based on a totality-of-the-circumstanees standard, but by a reasonable-officer standard. The burden of proof remains on the government.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Petion“[W]hat would the typical reasonable person have understood by the exchange between the officer and the suspect?”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.