Commonwealth v. Bogan’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
53 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 55 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently October 2017 · most notably Commonwealth v. Baker (1992), Barry v. New Jersey (1981)
53 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Wong Sun v. United States · United States v. Wade · Simmons v. United States · Stovall v. Denno · Brown v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 55 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) whether Miranda warnings were given; (2) the "temporal proximity of the arrest and the confession"; (3) "the presence of intervening circumstances"; and, (4) "the purpose and flagrancy of the official misconduct". The voluntariness of the statement is, of course, a threshold requirement, and the confession must also be "free of any element of coerciveness due to the unlawful arrest."”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage““We need not hold that all evidence is ‘fruit of the poisonous tree’ simply because it would not have come to light but for the illegal actions of the police. Rather, the more apt question in such a case is whether, granting establishment of the primary illegality, the evidence to which instant objection is made has been come at by exploitation of that illegality by means sufficiently distinquishable to be purged of the primary taint.” [Citation omitted].”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“The Court in Wong Sun noted that challenged evidence may be purged of the primary taint only if (1) it results from “ ‘an intervening independent act of a free will’ ”, ... or (2) if the connection between the arrest and the evidence has “become so attenuated as to dissipate the taint.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.