Miller v. Florida’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
1,161 federal appellate · 94 district · 1,042 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,847 later decisions (28 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2025 · most notably Landgraf v. USI Film Products (1994), 660 So. 2d 1189 - State Ex Rel. Glover v. State (1995)
1,161 federal appellate · 94 district · 1,042 state decisions — followed in 42 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Weaver v. Graham · Dobbert v. Florida · Calder et Wife, v. Bull et Wife. · Hopt v. People of the Territory of Utah
Cited together with Weaver v. Graham · Dobbert v. Florida · Collins v. Youngblood · California Department of Corrections v. Morales · Lindsey v. State of Washington
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,847 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“changes the punishment, and inflicts greater punishment, than the law annexed to the crime, when committed.”
50 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]o fall within the ex post facto prohibition, two critical elements must be present: first, the law 'must be retrospective, that is, it must apply to events occurring before its enactment'; and second, 'it must disadvantage the offender affected by it.'”
45 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] law is retrospective if it `changes the legal consequences of acts completed before its effective date.'”
29 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.