United States v. Evans’s Empirical Analysis
484 F.2d 1178 · 1973
Citation profile
69 federal appellate · 1 district · 16 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 97 later decisions — most recently June 2014 · most notably United States v. Tramunti (1975), United States v. Amaral (1973)
69 federal appellate · 1 district · 16 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on United States v. Wade · Simmons v. United States · Neil v. Biggers · Stovall v. Denno · Gilbert v. California
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 97 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“There is no question that identification testimony is notably fallible, and the result of it can be, and sometimes has been, ‘the greatest single injustice that can arise' out of our system of criminal law,’ Gregory v. United States, 125 U.S.App.D.C. 140 , 369 F.2d 185 , 190 (1966), namely the conviction of the wrong man through a mistake in identity. The dangers in this area have been well chronicled, and have been the proper subject of careful attention in this and many other courts”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[E]ach case must be considered on its own facts, and____convictions based on eyewitness identification at trial following a pretrial identification by photograph will be set aside on that ground only if the photographic identification procedure was so impermissibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantia] likelihood of irreparable misidentification.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Little possibility of misidentification arises from the use of photographs depicting 'the likeness not of some possible suspect in the police files, but of the [persons] who actually committed the robbery.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.