Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency’s Empirical Analysis
484 F.2d 1331 · 1973
Citation profile
53 federal appellate · 11 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 96 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2018 · most notably Alyeska Pipeline Service Company v. Wilderness Society (1975), F. D. Rich Co. v. United States Ex Rel. Industrial Lumber Co. (1974)
53 federal appellate · 11 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2412
Relies on Mills v. Electric Auto-Lite Co. · Newman v. Piggie Park Enterprises, Inc. · Sprage v. Ticonic Nat Bank · Hall v. Cole · United States v. Chemical Foundation, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 96 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The Court, in issuing any final order in any action brought pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, may award costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees) to any party, whenever the court determines such award is appropriate.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'allocat(ing) the costs of litigation equitably, to encourage the achievement of statutory goals ... (especially when) the government is attempting to carry out a program of such vast and uncharted dimensions ... (,) the legislation is itself complex and novel ... (, or) its early interpretation is desirable'.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“reflects a strong movement ... toward placing the federal government and civil litigants on a completely equal footing”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.