Bradley v. Milliken’s Empirical Analysis
484 F.2d 215 · 1973
Citation profile
66 federal appellate · 5 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 110 later decisions (4 by the Supreme Court) — most recently October 2000 · most notably Milliken v. Bradley (1977), Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
66 federal appellate · 5 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1292
Relies on Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. · Gault · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Griswold v. State of Connecticut · San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 110 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"The clearest example of direct State participation in encouraging the segregated condition of Detroit public schools, however, is that of school construction in Detroit and the surrounding suburban areas. Until 1962 the State Board of Education had direct statutory control over site planning for new school construction. During that time, as was pointed out above, the State approved school construction which fostered segregation throughout the Detroit Metropolitan area . . . . Since 1962 the State Board has continued to be involved in approval of school construction plans."”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Religion, morality and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.” Art. III.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(e)ducation in Michigan belongs to the State. It is no part of the local self-government inherent in the township or municipality, except so far as the legislature may choose to make it such. The Constitution has turned the whole subject over to the legislature. . . .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.