United States v. Bugarin-Casas’s Empirical Analysis
484 F.2d 853 · 1973
Citation profile
70 federal appellate · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 90 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2018 · most notably United States v. Brignoni-Ponce (1975), Scott v. United States (1978)
70 federal appellate · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 8 U.S.C. § 1357 (§ 287 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Almeida-Sanchez v. United States · Massiah v. United States · Huggins v. Raines · Green v. United States · Wilson v. Porter
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 90 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The fact that the agents were intending at the time they stopped the car to search it in any event — generally the sort of search held unconstitutional in Almeida-Sanchez v. United States, supra [ 413 U.S. 266 , 93 S.Ct. 2535 , 37 L.Ed.2d 596 ], — does not render the search, supported by independent probable cause, invalid.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[Bugarin's Mexican appearance], the fact that he was alone, the fact that the car was riding low (particularly unusual in that there was only one visible passenger), and the fact that the agents knew that the model car Bugarin was driving was of the sort that had been used to secrete aliens in a floor compartment over the rear axle.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.