Reeves’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

16 district · 4 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “In an action under section 1983, individual defendants are entitled to qualified immunity unless it is demonstrated that their alleged conduct violated clearly established constitutional rights of which a reasonable person in their positions would have known. Once a defendant has raised qualified immunity as an affirmative defense, the plaintiff bears the heavy two-part burden of demonstrating that (1) the defendant violated a constitutional right and (2) the constitutional right was clearly established at the time of the alleged conduct.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Conner v. Rodriguez

2. “(1) the proximity of the area to the home; (2) whether the area is included within an enclosure surrounding the home; (3) the nature of the uses to which the area is put, specifically, whether the area is used for the intimate activities of the home; and (4) the steps taken by the resident to protect the area from observation.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 663 F. Supp. 2d 1086 - United States v. Rey

3. “A person has been 'seized within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment only if, in view of all the cireumstances surrounding the encounter, a reasonable person would have believed he was not free to leave, decline the officers' requests or otherwise terminate the encounter.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Peak Alarm Co., Inc. v. Salt Lake City Corp.