Whitaker’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
5 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 94 later decisions — most recently March 2024 · most notably AE Ex Rel. Hernandez v. County of Tulare (2012), John Benavidez v. County of San Diego (2021)
5 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Heck v. Humphrey · Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · Baker v. McCollan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 94 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the local government had a deliberate policy, custom, or practice that was the moving force behind the constitutional violation [they] suffered.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.