Ross v. Oklahoma’s Empirical Analysis
1988
Citation profile
431 federal appellate · 39 district · 1,238 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,101 later decisions (14 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2025 · most notably Miller-El v. Dretke (2005), Morgan v. Illinois (1992)
431 federal appellate · 39 district · 1,238 state decisions — followed in 44 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Batson v. Kentucky · Delaware v. Van Arsdall · Witherspoon v. Illinois · Irvin v. Dowd · Wainwright v. Witt
Cited together with Strickland v. Washington · Wainwright v. Witt · Batson v. Kentucky · United States v. Martinez-Salazar · Witherspoon v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,101 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“So long as the jury that sits is impartial, the fact that the defendant had to use a peremptory challenge to achieve that result does not mean the Sixth Amendment was violated.”
110 later decisions quote this exact passage“peremptory challenges are not of constitutional dimension,”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage“the broader question whether, in the absence of Oklahoma's limitation on the 'right' to exercise peremptory challenges, a 'denial or impairment' of the exercise of peremptory challenges occurs if the defendant uses one or more challenges to remove jurors who should have been excused for cause.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.