United States v. Kozminski’s Empirical Analysis
1988
Citation profile
212 federal appellate · 99 district · 64 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 616 later decisions (10 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably United States v. Lanier (1997), Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic (1993)
212 federal appellate · 99 district · 64 state decisions — followed in 15 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Kozminski (from Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Glasser v. United States · Griffin v. Breckenridge · Mincey v. Arizona · Screws v. United States · Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 616 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a condition of servitude in which the victim is forced to work for the defendant by the use or threat of physical restraint or physical injury, or by the use or threat of coercion through law or the legal process.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“the Thirteenth Amendment right to be free from involuntary servitude, and, in the same Thirteenth Amendment context, the right of interstate travel.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage“to cover those forms of compulsory labor akin to African slavery which in practical operation would tend to produce like undesirable results.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.