Gardner v. Texas’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
128 federal appellate · 2 district · 71 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 273 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Tuilaepa v. California (1994), United States v. Hector Francisco Molina (1991)
128 federal appellate · 2 district · 71 state decisions — followed in 15 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Gregg v. Georgia
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.