Goldberg v. Sweet’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 9 district · 432 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 506 later decisions (23 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Alexander v. Sandoval (2001), Quill Corporation v. North Dakota Heitkamp (1992)
21 federal appellate · 9 district · 432 state decisions — followed in 42 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Maryland v. Louisiana · Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady · Morrison v. Olson · Federal Energy Regulatory Commission v. Martin Exploration Management Co. · Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 506 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[W]e determine whether a tax is fairly apportioned by examining whether it is internally and externally consistent.”
29 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“the tax is applied to an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing State, is fairly apportioned, does not discriminate against interstate commerce, and is fairly related to the services provided by the State.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'contribute to the cost of providing all governmental services, including those services from which it arguably receives no direct”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.