Karahalios v.’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
244 federal appellate · 70 district · 29 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 604 later decisions (16 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992), Breininger v. Sheet Metal Workers International Ass'n Local Union No. 6 (1989)
244 federal appellate · 70 district · 29 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedKarahalios v. Defense Language Institute/Foreign Language Center Presidio (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 29 U.S.C. § 151 (§ 1 of the National Labor Relations Act) · 29 U.S.C. § 185 (§ 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act)) · 45 U.S.C. § 151 (Railway Labor Act) · 5 U.S.C. § 7101 · 5 U.S.C. § 7114
Relies on Vaca v. Sipes · Cort v. Ash · Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance v. Russell · Touche Ross & Co. v. Redington · Middlesex County Sewerage Authority v. National Sea Clammers Assn.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 604 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'ultimate issue is whether Congress intended to create a private cause of action,'”
15 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“an 'elemental canon' of statutory construction that ... courts must be especially reluctant to provide additional remedies.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]n the absence of strong indicia of contrary congressional intent, we are compelled to conclude that Congress provided precisely the remedies it considered appropriate.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.