49 Cal. 3d 502 - People v. Bell’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 246 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 267 later decisions — most recently July 2018 · most notably People v. Doolin (2009), 1 Cal. 4th 495 - People v. Kelly (1992)
12 federal appellate · 246 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1861 (Jury Selection and Service Act of 1968)
Relies on Glasser v. United States · Batson v. Kentucky · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Yick Wo v. Hopkins · Taylor v. Louisiana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 267 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In order to establish a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement, the defendant must show (1) that the group alleged to be excluded is a `distinctive' group in the community; (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that this underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury-selection process.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“upset the demographic balance of the venire”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.