United States v. Tehrani’s Empirical Analysis
49 F.3d 54 · 1995
Citation profile
25 federal appellate · 7 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 83 later decisions — most recently September 2024 · most notably United States v. Newton (2004), Brown v. City of Oneonta (2000)
25 federal appellate · 7 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1029
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall · United States v. Cortez · Adams v. Williams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 83 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“... the amount of force used by the police, the need for such force, and the extent to which the individual’s freedom of movement was restrained, and in particular such factors as the number of agents involved, whether the target of the stop was suspected of being armed, the duration of the stop, and the physical treatment of the suspect, including whether handcuffs were used.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“(1) the nature of the place in which the intrusion occurred, that is, public or private, and (2) whether the individual himself whs behaving suspiciously or whether he was tainted by the behavior of another. [ United States v. Jaramillo, 25 F.3d 1146, 1151-53 (2d Cir.1994) ]. The Jaramillo court distinguished the case before it, involving a defendant “stopped in a public plaee and who had no known connection with the only person whom the officers had articulable grounds to suspect of wrongdoing,” from cases in which the circumstances gave rise to “sufficiently ‘specific and articulable facts’ to warrant the stop and patdown of an individual....” Id. at 1151 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“investigation must be as minimally intrusive as possible, bearing in mind the circumstances that gave rise to the suspicion.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Carlisle v. City
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.