Galvan v. Levine’s Empirical Analysis
490 F.2d 1255 · 1973
Citation profile
25 federal appellate · 11 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 147 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2020 · most notably United Airlines, Inc. v. McDonald (1977), Berger v. Heckler (1985)
25 federal appellate · 11 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp. · Mitchell v. Robert DeMario Jewelry, Inc. · Brulotte Et Al. v. Thys Company · Phillips v. United States · Swift & Co. v. Wickham
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 147 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“insofar as the relief sought is prohibitory, an action seeking declaratory or injunctive relief against state officials on the ground of unconstitutionality of a statute or administrative practice is the archetype of one where class action designation is largely a formality, at least for the plaintiffs.”
19 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““the party opposing the class has acted or refused to act on grounds generally applicable to the class, thereby making appropriate final injunctive relief or corresponding declaratory relief with respect to the class as a whole.””
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.