Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
774 federal appellate · 263 district · 122 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,298 later decisions (24 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2026 · most notably Neder v. United States (1999), Field v. Mans (1995)
774 federal appellate · 263 district · 122 state decisions — followed in 23 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedHolt v. Winpisinger (from District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Consumer Product Safety Commission v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. · Bourjaily v. United States · Perrin v. United States · National Labor Relations Board v. Hearst Publications, Inc.
Cited together with Nationwide Mutual Insurance v. Darden · Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corporation · Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,298 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In determining whether a hired party is an employee under the general common law of agency, we consider the hiring party’s right to control the manner and means by which the product is accomplished. Among the other factors relevant to this inquiry are the skill required; the source of the instrumentalities and tools; the location of the work; the duration of the relationship between the parties; whether the hiring party has the right to assign additional projects to the hired party; the extent of the hired party’s discretion over when and how long to work; the method of payment; the hired party’s role in hiring and paying assistants; whether the work is part of the regular business of the hiring party; whether the hiring party is in business; the provision of employee benefits; and the tax treatment of the hired party.”
182 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“(1) a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment; or (2) a work specially ordered or commissioned for use as a contribution to a collective work, as a part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, as a translation, as a supplementary work, as a compilation, as an instructional text, as a test, as answer material for a test, or as an atlas, if the parties expressly agree in a written instrument signed by them that the work shall be considered a work made for hire.”
37 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“vests initially in the author or authors of the work.”
32 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.