United States v. Clay’s Empirical Analysis
495 F.2d 700 · 1974
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Harris (1976), United States v. Birney (1982)
34 federal appellate · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 3500 · 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Giglio v. United States · Pinkerton v. United States · United States v. Robinson · Henry v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[w]hile entering the savings and loan was obviously an objective of the conspiracy and a federal crime, the men necessarily contemplated their attempting to gain entry into the building, and such attempts are [also] expressly proscribed”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“were entitled to have the question of an attempt ... submitted to the jury with appropriate instructions covering whether the conduct of the men had reached the point where an overt act directly tending to effect the commission of the substantive offense ... and strongly corroborative of criminal purpose ... had been committed”), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 937 , 95 S.Ct. 207 , 42 L.Ed.2d 164 (1974) (citations omitted). There is no committee comment accompanying the' circuit pattern instruction on attempt. Arguably, the omission of the”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the facts and circumstances within their (the arresting officers') knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information were sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the petitioner had committed or was committing an offense.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.