United States v. Munoz-Flores’s Empirical Analysis
1990
Citation profile
157 federal appellate · 39 district · 59 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 374 later decisions (17 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably United States National Bank v. Independent Insurance Agents of America, Inc. (1993), Raines v. Byrd (1997)
157 federal appellate · 39 district · 59 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Munoz-Flores (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Baker v. Carr · Buckley v. Valeo · Reynolds v. Sims · Powell v. McCormack
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 374 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“was passed in violation of the Origination Clause”
25 later decisions quote this exact passage“Surely a judicial system capable of determining when punishment is "cruel and unusual," when bail is "[e]xcessive," when searches are "unreasonable," and when congressional action is "necessary and proper" for executing an enumerated power is capable of making the more prosaic judgments demanded by adjudication of Origination Clause challenges.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[t]he respect due to coequal and independent departments demands that the courts accept as passed all bills authenticated in the manner provided by Congress.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.