Perpich v. Department of Defense’s Empirical Analysis
1990
Citation profile
98 federal appellate · 36 district · 68 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 284 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), Parker v. District of Columbia (2007)
98 federal appellate · 36 district · 68 state decisions — followed in 19 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedPerpich v. United States Department of Defense (from Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. · Selective Draft Law Cases · Begier v. Internal Revenue Service · Tarble's Case
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 284 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“— a civilian hat, a state militia hat, and an army hat —”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Since 1933 all persons who have enlisted in a state National Guard unit have simultaneously enlisted in the National Guard of the United States. In the latter capacity they became a part of the Enlisted Reserve Corps of the Army, but unless and until ordered to active duty in the Army, they retain their status as members of a separate state Guard unit.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]o provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.