California v. Hodari D.’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
1,058 federal appellate · 348 district · 2,594 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 5,324 later decisions (28 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably County of Sacramento v. Lewis (1998), Florida v. Bostick (1991)
1,058 federal appellate · 348 district · 2,594 state decisions — followed in 47 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Katz v. United States · Brinegar v. United States · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall
Cited together with Terry v. Ohio · United States v. Mendenhall · Florida v. Bostick · Florida v. Royer · Michigan v. Chesternut
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5,324 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“to disregard the police and go about his business,”
229 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the threatening presence of several officers, the display of a weapon by an officer, some physical touching of the person of the citizen, or the use of language or tone of voice indicating that compliance with the officer's request might be compelled.”
31 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.