¶1The appellee instituted his action at law against the appellants to recover of them as makers of a promissory note. The defence was non est factum. A verdict for the plaintiff was set aside by the court, and the cause was transferred to the chancery docket to give the defendants the benefit of an equitable defence which they set up in an amended answer.
¶2The court found the issues for the plaintiff and caused' judgment to be entered for him against all the defendants.
¶3Upon the issue of non est factum, the proof showed that the note as originally drawn was non-negotiable in form, but that after it became due, the words “or bearer ” were interlined after the name of the payee. The inter-lineation was not in the handwriting of the payee, who was the plaintiff, and he testified that he knew nothing whatever about it, and that it was not made by his procurement or with his knowledge or consent. It was not shown by whom it was made. The circuit judge, sitting as chancellor, found that the interlineation was a spoliation, or mutilation of the note by a stranger. If the plaintiff’s testimony is true, the interlineation did not alter the legal effect of the note, whether the change should be regarded as material or not, for it is now the settled doctrine of the courts that an alteration of an instrument by a stranger (an act commonly called spoliation), has no effect upon the rights or liabilities of the parties. 1 Greenl. Ev., sec. 566 ; 2 Daniel Neg. Instr., sec. 1373 a; U. S. v. Spaulding, 2 Mason, 478; Union National Bank v. Roberts, 45 Wisc., 373; Brooks v. Allen, 62 Ind., 401; Langenberger v. Kroeger, 48 Cal., 147.
¶4The defendants’ answer did not charge that the change •in the instrument was made by the plaintiff. The only evidence that it was made by him is the presumption to that effect raised by the fact that he was the custodian of the note. Inglish v. Breneman, 5 Ark., 377. He is an old man and testified fully and with apparent frankness. He convinced first a jury and then the chancellor of the truthfulness of his position. They regarded the prima facie case as overcome by bis testimony. ~We decline to interfere with the finding.
¶5The preponderance of the testimony is with the finding of the court upon the other issues involved, and as only questions of fact are presented it is useless to discuss, them.
¶6Affirm.