50 Md. App. 363 - Bowser v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
25 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently October 2010 · most notably State v. Gibbons (1987), 81 Md. App. 247 - Harris v. State (1990)
25 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory · Sorrells v. United States · Sherman v. United States · United States v. Reliable Transfer Co. · United States v. Louisiana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The initial test of the evidence, within the framework of the substantive law of entrapment, is always a matter of law for the court. The question to be decided depends upon how the question is raised. A motion for judgment of acquittal based upon that defense requires the court to decide whether there is undisputed evidence, so clear and decisive that reasonable minds, applying the correct law, could not differ in finding that the defendant was induced by the police to commit the offense, and that his criminal conduct was due to the persuasion of the police, and not to his own readiness or predisposition to commit the offense. Only when such is the state of the evidence is there entrapment as a matter of law.” (footnote omitted)”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Entrapment occurs when a police officer or government agent induces the commission of a crime by one who, except for the government’s enticement, solicitation or persuasion, would not have committed the crime. The test requires two inquiries: ‘(1) [Wjhether there was an inducement on the part of the government official ... and if so (2) [Wjhether the defendant showed any predisposition to commit the offense.’ ””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““This Court has held evidence of similar criminal acts committed by a defendant admissible to rebut an entrapment defense, even where a defendant has not been convicted of nor even arrested for the other offenses, and even where the similar crimes occurred subsequent to the offense for which the defendant is being tried____ [Generally where a defendant is charged with the sale of narcotics, it is improper for the State to offer evidence of other unrelated sales. Nevertheless, there is a recognized exception where the defendant claims entrapment. There the State may offer proof of other unrelated narcotics offenses to establish that the sale charged was the result of the defendant’s predisposition rather than any inducement by the police.” (citations omitted) (emphasis supplied). 19”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.