United States v. Richards’s Empirical Analysis
500 F.2d 1025 · 1974
Citation profile
71 federal appellate · 1 district · 23 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 106 later decisions — most recently July 2014 · most notably United States v. Bautista (1982), United States v. Buffington (1987)
71 federal appellate · 1 district · 23 state decisions — followed in 15 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 844 (§ 404 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Adams v. Williams · Sibron v. State of New York Peters
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 106 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“implausible and evasive responses to [the officers'] questions indicated that something was awry and created even more reason for the investigation being pursued further”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“While an arrest can be made without the use of such (formal words of arrest), the absence of such words indicate that appellant was merely detained for investigative questioning (.)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“whether, under the totality of the circumstances, it is reasonable. One of the factors in the assessment of their reasonableness is the extent of the detention.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.