Williams v. United Airlines, Inc.’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

9 federal appellate · 3 district ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “First, is the plaintiff one of the class for whose especial benefit the statute was enacted — that is, does the statute create a federal right in favor of the plaintiff? Second, is there any indication of legislative intent, explicit or implicit, either to create such a remedy or to deny one? Third, is it consistent with the underlying purposes of the legislative scheme to imply such a remedy for the plaintiff? And finally, is the cause of action one traditionally relegated to state law, in an area basically the concern of the States, so that it would be inappropriate to infer a cause of action based solely on federal law?”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Townsend v. University of Alaska

2. “A frequently stated principle of statutory construction is that when legislation expressly provides a particular remedy or remedies, courts should not expand the coverage of the statute to subsume other remedies.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. Alvarado v. Cajun Operating Co.

3. “suits brought to enforce the [DOL]'s final orders.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. Am. Airlines, Inc. v. Mawhinney