Phillips v. Klassen’s Empirical Analysis
502 F.2d 362 · 1974
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 14 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 89 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently October 2018 · most notably Sosna v. Iowa (1975), Kizas v. Webster (1983)
35 federal appellate · 14 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. · Hansberry v. Lee · Sampson v. Murray · Virginian Ry Co v. System Federation No 40 · Reisman v. Caplin
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 89 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““If plaintiffs are successful, all these employees, in each of these categories, will be governed by a ruling that all the resignations, the extension of annuities, and the payment of the bonuses, are and always were unlawful. ...” When as here, there is complaint as to injury from an allegedly invalid action of a governmental official and the action may be taken as conferring economic benefits or working economic harm, depending on the circumstances of the individual, the foundations of maintenance of a class action are undermined. In view of the likelihood that there will be divergent views among the employees who pursued the voluntary retirement route, as to whether they have been injured or benefited, we cannot say the district court erred in concluding that plaintiffs cannot fairly maintain the action they have brought on behalf of more than 1,500 former employees. Id at 367.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“... unless the relief sought by the particular plaintiffs who bring the suit can be thought to be what would be desired by the other members of the class, it would be inequitable to recognize plaintiffs as representative____”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“. . . it is generally agreed that exhaustion by at least one member of the class is a necessary prerequisite for a class action,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Swain v. Hoffman · Craigg v. Russo
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.