Armstrong v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1972
Citation profile
28 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions — most recently August 2019 · most notably 27 Cal. 4th 1161 - People v. Alvarez (2002), 195 W. Va. 630 - State v. Garrett (1995)
28 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Griffin v. California · Opper v. United States · United States v. Radio Television News Directors Ass'n · Brulotte Et Al. v. Thys Company · Federal Trade Commission v. Textile & Apparel Group
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[The proper and most workable [corpus delicti] rule is the one laid down for the federal courts in Opper v. United States, 348 U.S. 84 , 75 S.Ct. 158 , 99 L.Ed. 101 (1954), where the [Supreme Court] held that [the] corroborative evidence need not be sufficient, independent of the [defendant's] statements, to establish the [cerimi-nal act]. Rather, the prosecution must introduce "substantial independent evidence which would tend to establish the trustworthiness of the [defendant's] statement." Id., [348 U.S.] at 98, 75 S.Ct. at 164 , 99 L.Ed. at 109 .”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“[the fact that [a homicide] victim died from the combined effects of a pre-existing disease or condition and a blow or wound maliciously inflicted by the defendant does not relieve the defendant of [erimi-nal] liability [for the resulting death].”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“It is a settled principle of American jurisprudence that a criminal conviction must rest on firmer ground than the uncorroborated confession or admission of an accused. To avoid convicting a person solely out of his own admissions, the law requires, for a case to be submissible to the trier of fact, additional independent evidence, [footnote omitted]”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.