Ardestani v. Immigration & Naturalization Service’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
436 federal appellate · 123 district · 36 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,236 later decisions (34 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably United States v. Nordic Village, Inc. (1992), Salinas v. United States (1997)
436 federal appellate · 123 district · 36 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedArdestani v. United States Department of Justice, Immigration & Naturalizatin Service (from Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2412 · 5 U.S.C. § 504 (Equal Access to Justice Act) · 5 U.S.C. § 556 (Administrative Procedure Act of 1946) · 8 U.S.C. § 1101 (§ 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter)) · 8 U.S.C. § 1252 (§ 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter)) · 8 U.S.C. § 1362 (§ 292 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Richardson v. Perales · Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Cardoza-Fonseca · Consumer Product Safety Commission v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. · Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores · Irwin v. Department of Veterans Affairs
Cited together with Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · Pierce v. Underwood · Commissioner, Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Jean · United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc. · Rubin v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,236 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he `strong presumption' that the plain language of the statute expresses congressional intent is rebutted only in `rare and exceptional circumstances,' Rubin v. United States, 449 U.S. 424 , 430, 101 S.Ct. 698, 66 L.Ed.2d 633 (1981), when a contrary legislative intent is clearly expressed.”
17 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“EAJA renders the United States liable for attorney's fees for which it would not otherwise be liable, and thus amounts to a partial waiver of sovereign immunity.”
17 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[a]n agency that conducts an adversary adjudication shall award, to a prevailing party other than the United States, fees and other expenses incurred by that party in connection with that proceeding, unless the adjudicative officer of the agency finds that the position of the agency was substantially justified or that special circumstances make an award unjust.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.