White v. Illinois’s Empirical Analysis
1992
Citation profile
462 federal appellate · 72 district · 1,259 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,142 later decisions (22 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Crawford v. Washington (2004), Davis v. Washington (2006)
462 federal appellate · 72 district · 1,259 state decisions — followed in 46 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Bruton v. United States · Ohio v. Roberts · Pointer v. Texas · California v. Green · Bourjaily v. United States
Cited together with Ohio v. Roberts · Idaho v. Wright · Crawford v. Washington · California v. Green · United States v. Inadi
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,142 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Roberts stands for the proposition that unavailability analysis is a necessary part of the Confrontation Clause inquiry only when the challenged out-of-court statements were made in the course of a prior judicial proceeding.”
88 later decisions quote this exact passage“extrajudicial statements . . . contained in formalized testimonial materials, such as affidavits, depositions, prior testimony, or confessions,”
34 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[i]n all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right ... to be confronted with the witnesses against him.”
25 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.