International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. White Motor Corp.’s Empirical Analysis
505 F.2d 1193 · 1974
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 48 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2025 · most notably Allied Structural Steel Company v. Spannaus (1978), Malone v. White Motor Corp. (1978)
24 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United Steelworkers v. Warrior & Gulf Navigation Co. · United Steelworkers of America v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp · United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. · Independent Petroleum Workers of America, Inc. v. American Oil Co. · Independent Petroleum Workers of America, Inc. v. American Oil Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]n interpreting a collective bargaining agreement it is often necessary to go outside the four corners of the contract itself and examine the agreement history to ascertain the intent of the agreement and determine the rights and duties of the parties.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“draws its essence from the collective bargaining agreement.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In resolving this case, we note initially that judicial review of an arbitrator’s decision is limited. The scope of that review is discussed by the Supreme Court in United Steelworkers of America v. Enterprise Wheel & Car Corp., 363 U.S. 593 , 80 S.Ct. 1358 , 4 L.Ed.2d 1424 (1960): The refusal of courts to review the merits of an arbitration award is the proper approach to arbitration under collective bargaining agreements. The Federal policy of settling labor disputes by arbitration would be undermined if courts had the final say on the merits of the awards. * * * ******”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.