State v. Constable’s Empirical Analysis
1993
Citation profile
19 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 21 later decisions — most recently June 2016
19 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on North Carolina v. Pearce · State v. Robinson · State v. Aldape · State v. Jeffries · State v. Bass
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 21 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“any sexual contact between two or more persons by: penetration of the penis into the vagina or anus; contact between the mouth and genitalia or by contact between the genitalia of one person and the genitalia or anus of another person; contact between the finger or hand of one person and the genitalia or anus of another person, except in the course of examination or treatment by a person licensed pursuant to chapter 148, 148C, 150, 150A, 151, or 152; or by use of artificial sexual organs or substitutes therefor in contact with the genitalia or anus.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“or not at all is immaterial because only touching need be shown in order to establish sexual abuse in the second degree. See Iowa Code §§ 702.17, 709.1, 709.3. 15 Second, as indicated by the conflicting statements of Lingle's own experts, it is questionable whether the 1984 report -- based on a medical examination conducted two years after the fact -- even indicates that no penetration could have occurred. Although one expert wrote that a hymen cannot heal itself, both of the others concluded that the vague observation”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“while assault may be a lesser included offense of sexual abuse in the third degree when that violation involved commission of a sex act by force or against the will of the other participant, assault [is] not a lesser included offense when the victim [i]s a child and the consent or will of the child [i]s irrelevant.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Michaud
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.