Parke v. Raley’s Empirical Analysis
1993
Citation profile
456 federal appellate · 77 district · 716 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,690 later decisions (16 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2026 · most notably Almendarez-Torres v. United States (1998), Heck v. Humphrey (1994)
456 federal appellate · 77 district · 716 state decisions — followed in 41 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedRaley v. Parke (from Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Boykin v. Alabama · Johnson v. Zerbst · North Carolina v. Alford · Teague v. Lane
Cited together with Boykin v. Alabama · Strickland v. Washington · Custis v. United States · Burgett v. Texas · Johnson v. Zerbst
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,690 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“even when a collateral attack on a final conviction rests on constitutional grounds, the presumption of regularity that attaches to final judgments makes it appropriate to assign a proof burden to the defendant.”
125 later decisions quote this exact passage“the Due Process Clause permits a State to impose a burden of production on a recidivism defendant who challenges the validity of a prior conviction under Boykin.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“when the plea was entered in another jurisdiction, the defendant may be the only witness who was actually present at the earlier proceeding”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Hall v. State · State v. Woodard
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.