United States v. White’s Empirical Analysis
508 F.2d 453 · 1974
Citation profile
50 federal appellate · 10 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 75 later decisions — most recently December 2020 · most notably United States v. Azure (1986), United States v. Farris (1980)
50 federal appellate · 10 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 16 U.S.C. § 668 · 16 U.S.C. § 668A · 18 U.S.C. § 1152 · 18 U.S.C. § 3731 · 25 U.S.C. § 71 · 25 U.S.C. § 891
Relies on McClanahan v. State Tax Commission of Arizona · Reid v. Covert · United States v. Kagama · Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Jones · Edye v. Robertson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 75 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The change from “willfully” in the present law to “knowingly, or with wanton disregard for the consequences of his act” [wa]s intended to lessen the degree of knowledge required to be proven in order to convict violators. The word “knowingly” means that the offender knew what he was about to do and, with such knowledge, proceeded to do the act. The additional words “with wanton disregard for the consequences of his act” were also added to lessen the degree [of] knowledge required to be proved in order to obtain a conviction under the Act. The evidence would have to show more than mere negligence; while there is no intent to injure, the person must be conscious from his knowledge of surrounding circumstances and conditions that his conduct will naturally and probably result in injury.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the general laws of the United States as to the punishment of offenses committed in any place within the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, except the District of Columbia, shall extend to the Indian country. This section shall not extend to offenses committed by one Indian against the person or property of another Indian, nor to any Indian committing any offense in the Indian country who has been punished by the local law of the tribe, or to any case where, by treaty stipulations, the exclusive jurisdiction over such offenses is or may be secured to the Indian tribes respectively.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“18 U.S.C. § 1152 is not a predicate for general federal criminal jurisdiction in Indian country. Rather the scope of section 1152 is limited to the applicability or non-applicability of federal enclave laws, those laws passed by the federal government in the exercise of its police powers over federal property and now defined in the United States Code in terms of “special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States,” 18 U.S.C. § 7 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.